Esophageal cancer manifests when cells within the inner wall of the esophagus undergo rapid mutation and multiplication, forming tumors. Dr. Prasad Neelam delves into the nuances of this condition, recognizing the distinct types:

1. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Primarily affecting the squamous cells in the upper and mid-portion of the esophagus.
2. Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus: Influencing the glandular cells located in the lower third of the esophagus.
3. Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction (GE Junction): A subset found at the meeting point of the esophagus and the stomach.

Root Causes of Esophageal Cancer:

Dr. Prasad Neelam emphasizes the role of DNA changes in esophageal cancer occurrence. The connections between lifestyle and specific types of esophageal cancer are elucidated:

– Squamous Cell Cancer: Linked to alcohol and tobacco consumption, with a heightened risk when both substances are used concurrently.

– Adenocarcinoma in the Lower Esophagus: Correlated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), underscoring the importance of timely treatment for acid backwash damage.

– Adenocarcinoma of the GE Junction: Associated with cancer development near the GE junction, emphasizing the regions of the upper stomach and lower esophagus.

– Barrett’s Esophagus: Identified as a precursor to malignant cell mutation, requiring attention due to abnormal dysplasia.

Recognizing Esophageal Cancer Symptoms:

Dr. Prasad Neelam sheds light on the subtle signs that demand immediate medical attention, guiding patients towards early diagnosis and intervention:

1. Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing solid food and liquids, a key indicator as the tumor grows larger.
2. Chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux: Persistent heartburn and indigestion, potentially leading to adenocarcinoma.
3. Weight Loss with Hematemesis and Melena: Unexplained weight loss coupled with vomiting blood and black stool, indicating advanced stages of esophageal cancer.
4. Abnormal Voice Change: Damage to the vocal cords may suggest tumor growth in the esophagus.

Tailored Esophageal Cancer Treatments:

Dr. Prasad Neelam outlines the individualized treatment approaches, considering the patient’s unique condition:

1. Surgery (Esophagectomy): Removal of the entire esophagus or placement of an esophageal stent to facilitate eating.
2. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Administered before and after surgery to target cancer cells effectively.
3. Targeted Therapy, Endoscopic Treatments, and Photodynamic Therapy: Tailored treatments based on patient needs and the specific requirements of esophageal cancer.